The Nitrogen Family Elements at a Glance

Author: Annette Labedzki
Source: ezinearticles.com

Tattoo – The Concept
Tattoo is used as a form of body modification to create a design, usually permanent, on various parts of body. They can be employed for a multitude of reasons, like tradition, identification, medicinal purposes, or for fashion. The color pigment, which is an indelible liquid, is inserted in the skin in such a way that it colors several layers of it and settles there permanently. The term ‘tattoo’ was derived from the Polynesian word ‘tatau.’ This art has been prevalent in various parts of the world, since antiquity.

The History
The evidence of tattooing in Japan traces back to the 5th Century B.C. However, Gishiwajinden, the Chinese historical account, describes face tattooing by the Japanese men in the 3rd Century B.C.! Around the 18th Century A.D., prostitutes used dot like tattoos. In 1720, tattooing of letters or circles on the forehead or on arms was legalized as a punishment for financial crimes and frauds. After the Horeki Era (1751-1764), first pictorial tattoos appeared in Japan. As the modernization of Japan began, tattoos were banned in the year 1872, citing them as a mark of barbarism. The ban was finally lifted in the year 1948.

Several mummies, which date back to 2000 to 5000 A.D., exhumed from Ancient Egypt and the Alps region between Italy & Austria, also carry tattoos. These were simple designs, like lines or dots in monochromatic ink, rather than elaborate patterns. Germany and other parts northern & central Europe also witnessed the use of tattoos among its natives, in the Pre-Christian era. These tribes used organic woad extracts and copper compounds as dying agents. The art of tattooing was prevalent in India since ancient times. Mostly the leaves of a plant known as ‘mehendi’ were used to create a ‘temporary’ pigment. The paste of the leaves was used to create elaborate designs on the skin. It was washed-off on drying, leaving behind red-orange patterns by etching through the layers of the skin. The evidence of the use of permanent dyes and iron needles process were also found.

Conclusion
These days, professional studios use motor-operated tattooing tools. The studios lay special emphasis on hygiene concerns. The patterns these studios use vary widely from religious themes to abstract art, names & initials to faces, and so on. Now a days, a large number of tattoo designs are copyrighted, which are later sold as flash (sample designs) directly to parlors, or online to the internet community.

Annette Labedzki received her BFA at the Emily Carr College of Art and Design in Vancouver, B.C. Canada. She has more than 25 years experience. She is the founder and developer of an online art gallery featuring original art from all over the world. Please visit the website at http://www.Labedzki-Art.com It is a great site for art collectors to buy original art. Artists can join for free and their image upload is unlimited.

Author: Tomas Walker
Source: ezinearticles.com

Do you do a lot of printing, especially printing your photos from your home printer? If you do, you know how important the quality of the printer, ink and paper can be to preserving your memories and important documents. There’s a new inkjet cartridge in town made specifically for high quality printing needs.

Epson is revolutionising the quality at which inkjet printers print at. Durabrite is a pigment based ink which seperates the colours out of one ink cartridge into three individual cartridges. Because the ink is pigment based, it offers superior qualities that water soluble inks just aren’t capable of. Whether you’re looking for high quality ink to print your photo memories at home or high quality business cards and letter heads or just to print your school projects in style, Epson’s Durabrite Ink is a great choice!

1. Lasting photo prints

Durabrite Ink is pigment based so it will resist water, smudges, smears and is light resistant to prevent your memories from fading. The ink is resistant on any paper type you run through the printer. In tests carried out by Epson, photographs printed with Durabrite Ultra Ink, on photo paper and placed in a glass front frame, resisted fading up to six times longer than average print. (When storing important photographs and documents, always store them properly for the most effective fade resistance.) Not only that, the ink is fast drying, even on glossy photo paper. The fast drying ink makes Durabrite the ultimate choice when needing to print double sided documents.

2. Use any paper with the same results

Epson’s Durabrite ink will yield the same high quality prints on any paper or media type you might use. It prints perfectly on plain old, ordinary stock paper as well as it prints on high gloss photo paper. This will ensure that all of your memories, photos, documents and anything else you can print will be bright, bold crisp, and clear every time you print.

3. Revolution in Ink Cartridges

Now you can control what colours you need to replace with Epson’s Durabrite Ink. For convenience and ease of installation, Epson made each colour (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black) into it’s own cartridge. Instead of having to replace an entire colour cartridge when you run out of cyan ink, you only need to replace the cyan cartridge. This reduces ink usage and saves you money. Epson has also provided a high capacity black cartridge for high volume document needs.

Not many people are as excited about print technology as Tom Walker, but then there are few technophiles like him. He writes about technology at Cartridge SAVE, the leading online UK-based store for Epson ink cartridges, Epson toner cartridges and other print accessories.

Author: Ricardo de Silva
Source: articledashboard.com

The sun, stress and pollution can all contribute to imperfections in your skin. Fortunately, peel procedures can remove these imperfections and turn back the years.

Peel Away Those Damaged Outer Layers of Skin

As much as we like to believe otherwise, our daily lives show up on our body in one obvious place – the face. For men, the slightly weathered look can be an attractive option as can well groomed gray hair. For women, facial blemishes, wrinkles and uneven pigmentation can give rise to unhappiness on a big scale. Peels offer one option to counter the impact.

A facial peel is designed to restore the youthful look of your skin. It is not a form of facelift nor a surgery per se. Instead, it is a technique where the outer layer of your skin is literally peeled off to reveal new skin below. The technique can produce dynamite results when the goal is to resolve wrinkles and blemishes. It can also be used to addressed skin weathered from excessive exposure to the sun or which has developed uneven pigmentation. Importantly, a peel is not designed nor will it accomplish any kind of a lift for parts of the face that have developed a droop including eyelids. Such restorations require facelift surgery.

Unlike a surgical procedure, a peel is not for everyone. This is because the peel is only best for certain skin types and pigments. You should consult with a medical professional to find out if you are a candidate for the procedure. In general, however, individuals with fair skin and light damage gain the best benefits.

In general, a peel takes roughly one to two hours for the entire face. Some candidates require less extensive peels and less time is required as a result. You are not sedated unless there is reason specific to your situation.

Following the procedure, you are going to have some unique sensations. New skin is being exposed to air for the first time, so throbbing, tingling and so on can be common. Your medical professional can fill you on the impact based upon your specific skin condition and procedure.

Peels are a very common procedure. They can make a marked difference in appearance without the necessity of invasive surgery.

Author: Keith George
Source: isnare.com

Since time immemorial women have craved for smooth, flawless skin. Over the years, with the blessings of technology this has turned into a reality. However the word permanent hair removal could only mean that it can last for a few weeks, months or even a year. Hair removal techniques reduce the growth of the hair. They usually work towards complete destruction of hair follicle’s ability to grow hair yet again. There are several methods used for hair removal.

Electrolysis has proved to be both effective and clinically safe. In this method a hair-like metal probe is inserted into a hair follicle and an electric current is delivered to it through the probe. As a consequence it causes damages to the areas that generate hair. However it is painful, tedious and expensive.

In laser hair removal methods a light is delivered at a specified wavelength from a hand piece into the skin. By targeting the pigment in the hair it causes damage to the hair follicle while sparing the surrounding tissues.

Flash lamps or Intense Pulsed Light is another hair removal method. In this process filtered light is delivered from a hand piece into the skin and causes damage to the hair follicle. It has delivered fairly proper results but has been found to be unsuccessful on un-pigmented hair and also on red and blonde hair. If the treatment is not done properly it might have adverse effects like skin burns, discoloration etc.

Home electrolysis is another method which saves money. It can be done in privacy. One can treat oneself in one?s own convenient time. It is an option for those who cannot afford the other expensive processes of hair removal. However there are a lot of side effects like one might suffer from skin damage, swelling, temporary redness that may last for a longer period of time. Moreover some areas are difficult to treat alone.

There are several other methods like shaving with metal blade. Though its effect lasts for a short time it is inexpensive, fast and usually painless. In cream depilatories a chemical dissolves the hair from the skins surface. The effect is for a few days only. It can be a skin and eye irritant for some. Hot wax is applied to skin and a strip of cloth or paper is pressed into the preparation. The strip is pulled away thus taking hairs with it. Tweezing, threading using of rotary epilators sugaring are all home methods.

Author: Elizabeth Simpson
Source: ezinearticles.com

Age spots can appear virtually anywhere commonly exposed to the sun especially your face, your arms and your hands. Too much sun exposure is the main culprit here which is why those people who love going out and staying outdoors is more susceptible to the development of these tiny pigmentations.

If you are anything like me, you will surely be bothered with these tiny spots. It prevents you from wearing skin-baring clothes confidently. If you want to boost your self-confidence, you can always find an effective remedy to this problem.

First of all, there are home treatments. Before taking a bath, wipe your arms and hands with lemon juice and leave it there for a few minutes. It is important to do this only when you are indoors as the acid form the lemon juice will burn your skin when exposed to the heat of the sun. You can wash it off when you take a bath.

Another treatment you can try at home is honey. Just do the same method you did with the lemon juice method. Honey can be a bit sticky but 30 minutes or so helps a lot in bleaching the darker areas of your dermis.

If you cannot be bothered with this treatment everyday, you can always go for a more convenient method-moisturizers. Just pick moisturizers with natural ingredients that can help lighten up those brown and black pigmentations.

Extrapone Nutgrass is a force to reckon with when it comes to skin lightening. It has been proven very effective in inhibiting melanin production. It was also proven effective to show results in as fast as half a month. What is great about this natural ingredient is that it will not make photo sensitive so you can go out without feeling as if you have just slapped on oil on your face and it is baking you alive.

Another ingredient you should look for Manuka honey. Like what I mentioned earlier, honey is a good source of bleaching agents. This one can help greatly reduce dark pigmentations on the skin as it helps nourish it and prevent other skin problems from developing.

Make sure you also have a powerful antioxidant like Nano Lipobelle HEQ10 in tow. This antioxidant has smaller molecular structure which gives it the innate ability to penetrate all the layers of the skin. This way, it can get rid of more harmful free radicals than other antioxidants.

And now I would like to invite you to visit http://www.goodhealthyskin.com to find out which are the anti aging products you should use in order to achieve clearer and radiant looking skin.

Author: Chuck Blake
Source: articlesbase.com

We all are bound to deal with the signs of aging one or the other day. It’s only a matter of time when age spots the most common aging skin problem appear on various parts of our body. For those of us who are in late 50s it is a matter of finding the answer to how to fade age spots, and those who are still in 30s and 40s should exercise caution so as to prevent these age spots. What causes ago spots? Our skin contains a pigment called melanin. This pigment is very unstable, especially when exposed to UV rays of the sun. When exposed it has a tendency to break down and accumulate. When we are young our skin cells are strong enough to produce proteins like collagen and elastin to avoid accumulation of melanin. But as we grow old our skin loses its capability to deal with melanin and this accumulated melanin is seen in form of ugly looking spots. To learn how to fade age spots effectively, follow these 3 tips based on my personal experience. Prevent your skin from sun exposure At a bare minimum make sure to rub a sunscreen on your hands when you go out in sun because that is the place where these spots appear first. Other ways to prevent exposure to UV rays is use of umbrella, hats, gloves and an effective sun screen on exposed body parts. Prevent your skin from getting dry Dry skin is a store house of many skin related issues like wrinkles, lower levels of collagen and elastin. Wrinkles are seen more prominently on a dry skin. Make sure you start hydrating and moisturizing your skin right now. Drink plenty of water and use a natural skin hydrating mask. How to fade age spots with products with natural ingredients? Find good skin care products that contain all natural ingredients that help you get rid of age spots and rejuvenate the skin quality. Some of the well known ingredients are CynergyTK, Extrapone Nutgrass, CoenzymeQ10. Not only these ingredients help you in fighting the accumulation of melanin and reduce age spots but they nourish the skin internally and make it more smooth, young and healthy. These ingredients are tested in lab and have absolutely no side effects at all. You might be lured to make use of instant remedies but trust me you will end up damaging your skin permanently. So please stay away from such remedies. For best results taking a far-reaching approach together with the tips that we just discussed will help you keeping these ugly spots at bay. If you need more information on how to fade age spots with all-natural skin care products visit my website Skin Health Solution.

To find more on natural skin care health, please visit my website Skin Health Solution.
Kerri Doyle is a researcher, consumer and advocate of natural skin care products.To discover cutting edge, anti-aging skin care products she recommends after extensive research visit http://skinhealthsolution.com

Author: John Blenkin
Source: articleage.com

Water in watercolor painting technique is of equal importance to the pigment. Water is not just medium to make the pigment flow during application but an integral part of the pigment itself when applied and on drying leaves a permanent record of its former presence.
Water should be fresh wholesome and taken from a known reliable source. It should smell fresh and sweet in the same way as potable water does to the palate. Use water with a neutral pH acid alkali ratio or distilled.
Falling temperatures humidity chemical content each affect how the water behaves during its use. This affects the drying times of the painting. The appearance of washes too is affected by dry times as the position of pigment particles moves more during longer dry times. This is because the supporting board is given a tilt to prevent puddling of the water at inappropriate places on the ground [paper]. Greater movement of the pigment particles lifts the pigment from one area of the ground and precipitates it to another. This alters the original tonal balance of the pigment. When the wash was laid the color effect was one thing but when dry it becomes altered. To bring your wash to the result you wish in this instance you need to understand the water as much as the pigment in the application technique.
Dry times are also affected by the condition of the air and the type of wash being laid down. For wet washes on dry grounds [papers] the variations of drying conditions seem endless. If the air is warm the dry time will be less. If the air is warm humid it will be more. If the air is cold the wash will take longer to dry because evaporation of the water from the wash will appear to take forever to dry. If the air is moving such as it usually is out doors dry times will be quicker than the air conditions indoors. For example dry warm moving air outdoors will make dry times almost immediate. Cold humid still air outdoors will be long and the effect difficult to judge.
The condition of the air and its effect on water dry times for more or less standard washes can be even more pronounced when wet in wet washes are used. If the ground [paper] has water within its thickness ready to receive a wet wash dry times can be doubled. The amount of water to be absorbed will vary according to its thickness. This thickness affects dry times of wet in wet washes more than it does in thinner grounds. Final results are more difficult to judge.
This article is not about washes but about water. The technique of laying down washes or water containing pigment is another ball game to be treated in these articles elsewhere.
Water will cause thin grounds to buckle. Buckling in effect is irregular stretching. The more water used the greater liability there is to buckling which is also a variation of dry times within the ground. The greater the water content of the wash the thicker the ground needs to be. Thick dry papers absorb water quicker from watercolor to dry with firmer stronger tonal values.
Uneven dry times in a wash will make the wash appear patchy or uneven and spoil the finished work. Uneven dry times will also make it impossible to lay down further washes and the original unevenness will show through later washes.
Too much water will make a wash look weak when it dries even if drying is even. Loss of pigment strength will result in loss of color and tonal balance.
Water dry times will be affected by time of day rising or falling temperatures variations in humidity and the seasons of the year. Also altitude above sea level will affect air density related to temperatures. Water hardness or softness will affect longevity of the painting hence the need for neutral Ph value of water as well as in the ground. Textured papers loved by watercolorists need more water.
Dry times of water affect speed of work. Waiting for washes to dry takes away spontaneity from the work. If working to beat the clock dry times are important and washes will need to be drier than at other times. Here the subject of the painting does not decide technique. Outdoor quick dry painting favors less water.
Water left overnight should not be used next day because of bacteria and possible fungus growth. Sniff to smell if the water to detect if it is even slightly off or tainted. If you are doubtful about the water it must be discarded. Old pigmented watercolor has a vile smell. Get rid of this and clean where it may have spilled.
There are many other aspects of interest about water but these are better dealt with when discussing technique and specific painting objectives.
Next Article: Technique of Watercolor Painting WC03 BRUSHES
John Blenkin is a retired architect and is now a watercolor painter and article writer. His interests are wide covering both technical and philosophical subjects. He also writes online articles on the technique of watercolor painting.

http://www.freefolios.com/

foka@spidernet.com.cy

Author: Anne Wolski
Source: articleage.com

Anyone who continually exposes their skin to the harsh conditions of the sun is running the risk of skin damage known as sunburn. This condition can be quite painful and uncomfortable but, worse still, it can lead to the serious illness of skin cancer.
In recent years, because of the knowledge we now have about the damage to the ozone layer, many people have become more wary about this overexposure to the suns rays. The ozone layer which is the part of the earth’s atmosphere that protects the planet from ultraviolet radiation, has been damaged by the common usage of things such as synthetic pollutants. Consequently, these ultraviolet rays are now more dangerous than ever before.
Often, we do not feel the effects of sunburn until several hours after the damage is done. This is because sunburn is actually a radiation burn rather than a heat burn. These burns are caused by the ultraviolet rays from the sun. These rays can damage the skin through penetration without the person necessarily feeling that their skin is overheating.
The skin consists of an outer layer, the epidermis, and the bottom layer, the basal layer. It is the epidermis that suffers the effects of sunburn. This is the layer that contains the pigmentation cells which, when new cells appear as a result of the sun, is seen as a suntan. If there is not enough pigment filters, it results in sunburn.
Sunburn is an immediate type of sun damage but its effects may not show for several hours after exposure. Reddening of the skin and a burning feeling may take up to twenty four hours to occur. If the sunburn is severe, blisters may occur, causing damage to some of the cells in the epidermis.
Sun damage from repeated exposure are much like those of aging. The skin shows wrinkling and thickening of the skin. Lumps that look like warts can appear as well as dryness and cracking of the skin.
In modern times, the biggest concern to most sun-worshippers is that of skin cancer. Realistically, people who have often suffered from sunburn have a higher likelihood of contracting skin cancer than people who have never been sunburned. In areas where there is a lot of bright sunshine, such as Australia, the incidence of skin cancer is very high. In fact, Australia has the highest frequency of skin cancer in the world.
It is extremely important to be particularly vigilant where children are concerned. If a child is often exposed to sunburn, he or she is at a higher risk of contracting skin cancer when they become adults.
Once a person has been sunburned, the most important thing is to avoid exposure which will obviously cause more damage. Applying a soothing lotion can reduce the discomfort which will usually recede within a few days. Once the initial discomfort is reduced, the skin may peel. When the damage is severe, a steroidal lotion may be prescribed. These lotions reduce inflammation as well as the potency and duration of the sunburn.
There are a number of ways to protect the skin from sunburn. The most natural way is to gradually increase periods of time in the sun in order to build up a tan. The sun is also less intense when it is low such as morning and evening so it makes sense to enjoy the sun at these times rather than in the middle of the day when the sun is at its peak. Some people believe that they are safer when swimming but this is untrue. Although the water absorbs the heat, the ultraviolet rays are still directed on the skin.
Sunscreen should be applied frequently during exposure to the sun, and especially immediately before and after swimming. Some of the sunscreens available give virtually complete protection by stopping all ultraviolet rays, thus allowing prolonged time in the sun without resulting in damage.
Of course, not all effects of the sun are negative and exposure to sunlight is necessary for health. It is essential for vitamins C and D and creates a healthy glowing skin.
So, it is important to have some exposure to the health benefits of the sun but, like anything else, moderation is the key. Sensible exposure is a positive way of life but overexposure is nothing more than a recipe for disaster.
Anne Wolski has worked in the health and welfare industry for more than 30 years. She is a co-director of http://www.magnetic-health-online.com an information portal with many interesting medical articles and also of http://www.pharmacybyweb.com which has online physicians who can help you with any questions you may have.

Author: Joseph Devine
Source: ezinearticles.com

No one wants to look old before his or her time. Age spots, sagging skin, and wrinkles can make you look older than you actually are. Thankfully, if you think you look more aged than you feel, there are several different levels of anti-aging skin treatment that you can undergo.

First, there are several completely noninvasive options you have to help tighten up your fine lines. While these treatments do not cure you of your deeper wrinkle lines, they can help reduce areas of abnormal pigmentation and clear up fine lines. You may choose to get microdermabrasion, which is a process where a skin technician takes a special wand that either polishes off the top layer of skin directly, or it emits a stream of crystals that rub away your dead skin. This process reveals newer, fresher skin underneath.

Additionally, if you do not want to get involved with needles, you may consider chemical peels. While a light chemical peel works at about the same level as microdermabrasion, you can get more powerful peels that work even deeper into your skin. With this, skin technicians paint your face with a layer of substances that help to burn off your top layer of dull, wrinkled skin.

Lastly, you may want laser treatment such as photofacials or Thermage. These processes rely on light pulses to encourage your skin to tighten up, as well as break up the darker pigmented spots.

If you are open to slightly more invasive procedures, you can get different types of facial injections that work deeper in your skin. Since surface treatments cannot rejuvenate the collagen and other proteins that work to hold your skin tight and firm, many people choose to get things like Botox and Restylane injected into their skin for a deeper fix. This helps your stronger wrinkle lines.

Should you want to guarantee a wrinkle-free visage for ten to fifteen years, you may want a face lift. On the other hand, face lifts often require a few days to several weeks for a complete recovery since it is a surgical process that usually necessitates at least twilight anesthesia. You can get a full face lift, that pulls up all the skin of your face. You can also get an S-lift or a mid-face lift that is slightly more moderate, but it focuses only on a particular area of your face.

Once you decide that you want to rid yourself of your wrinkles, you must decide how invasive you want the treatment to be. If you are looking for noninvasive to moderately invasive wrinkle-fixers, you should talk to the cosmetic facial dermatologist Dr Zimmet of Zimmet Vein & Dermatology today about the process that is right for you.

Joseph Devine

Author: Isabella Gibby
Source: ezinearticles.com

Whether it’s mineral makeup or the conventional kind, bear in mind that the components of each are similar. The main difference between the two lies on the kind of formula as well as the amount of additives. Aside from that, their difference can also be found on the kind of additive used, which may include binders, fragrances, dyes, pigments, or even preservatives. If there is only a small percentage difference within the makeup, what distinguishes bare essentials mineral makeup from the traditional one?

The strength of makeup is determined by the amount of pigment used to obtain the desired shade or tone of the makeup. The amount of binder is an indication of how solid the makeup is to your touch or the severity of feeling it brings to your skin as well as how natural it looks in the final application. Likewise, the degree of preservative included would determine the shelf life of your makeup and its consistency from one batch to another.

Not all makeup is created equal. Mineral cosmetics is a natural form of makeup that is free from the common additives contained in a regular makeup which can irritate sensitive or acne prone skin. Mineral makeup contains ingredient such as mica, zinc oxide, and titanium oxide which can be obtained in its natural form reducing the problem of irritation.

Aside from that, mineral cosmetics are non-comedogenic which reduces clogging in the skin pores. As a result, the likelihood of the skin being irritated and acne breaking out are considerably reduced. Not only that the metal oxides found in mineral makeup creates a soothing effect on the skin and has anti-inflammatory properties.

Regardless of these facts, the primary reason for the extreme popularity of mineral makeup is that it provides an alternative to the traditional makeup that women have been using for years. It provides a guarantee of more comprehensive coverage and can last for several hours after application.

Bare essentials mineral makeup eliminates the need for a separate foundation as well as a concealer which were a necessity with other kinds of makeup. Mineral makeup is capable of performing all three functions without you exerting any effort. Because it gives a natural look and feeling, you would never reach the point that you are wearing mask at all. Now you never have to worry about what brand of makeup will fit your sensitive skin.

Learn more about Bare essentials mineral makeup at Chic Beauty and Fashion.com. Isabella Gibby writes about a variety of topics related to beauty and women’s health.